Summary of NMN-related research results

There are a lot of related scientific researches about NMN. Now let AAGQ (An Jianqi) lead us to follow the steps of scientists and see what secrets they have spied on NMN research?

one. NMN can enter cells directly

On January 7, 2009, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine published their research in the journal "Nature Metabolism": They found the transporter of NMN, and NMN can directly enter cells.

A transporter protein called Slc12a8 plays an important role in the cellular energy supply chain, with the help of sodium ions, it transports NMN directly into the cell, where it acts quickly for NAD production.

two. NAD+ supplements reverse muscle aging

February 10, 2019. The scientists found that NNMT was overexpressed as muscles aged, and adding its inhibitor avoided NAD+ reduction, thereby reversing muscle aging.

This is similar to the discovery in March 2018 of Harvard University that supplementing NMN increases the content of NAD+ in muscles to reverse muscle aging. NASA also awarded the discovery team the David Sinclair iTech Award for the ability of NMN to improve muscle atrophy in astronauts (astronauts lack exercise due to weightlessness).

three. NAD+ supplements can increase hematopoietic stem cell activity

On March 7, 2019, a research team led by Olaia Naveiras of EPFL and Nicola Vannini of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in Lausanne, Switzerland revealed that NAD+ supplements can also increase the activity of hematopoietic stem cells. The related research was published in "Cell" sub-issue.

"We expect NAD+ supplementation and other mitochondrial modulators to be a complementary means to enhance stem cell capacity and accelerate blood production," the researchers said.

Four. NMN can maintain telomere length

On March 28, the research team of Hisayuki Amano from Baylor College of Medicine in the United States discovered the connection between telomeres and Sirtuins, and demonstrated the potential of NMN to improve telomere-related diseases such as liver fibrosis through animal experiments.

The study found: "Telomere dysfunction (shortening) downregulates sirtuins in the liver in a p53-dependent manner, and p53 represses sirtuins through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms; telomere dysfunction is associated with decreased coenzyme I."

 

A more important finding is that NMN can stabilize telomeres and improve symptoms of telomere disorders. The researchers gave the experimental mice NMN for 2 consecutive weeks, and then injected the fibrosis-inducing agent CCl4 (a total of 12 injections, 2 times a week, to make their telomeres disorder), and continued to give NMN for 6 consecutive weeks. The study found that the telomere length of mice taking NMN was significantly longer than that of the control group.

five. NMN new function "more bones, less meat"

On April 18, 2019, the research team of Peng Liang and Xie Chan from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University explored the role of NMN in the treatment of age-related diseases by regulating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Their research results were published in Cell Death & Diease magazine.

This time, scientists found that NMN can directly promote the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells, stimulate osteogenic differentiation and inhibit the differentiation of adipocytes, and slow down bone loss. In short, NMN makes people grow more bones and less meat.

six. NMN has significant cerebrovascular protective effect

In June 2019, the study found that NMN supplementation has a significant cerebrovascular protective effect in aged mice, and can improve the NVC response in the aged cortex and the resulting dementia. NMN has great potential both as a preventive measure and an adjunctive treatment measure.

NAD+ is a key regulator of pro-survival pathways and mitochondrial function in endothelial cells, and NMN, as the most effective precursor to supplement NAD+, has performed very well in various aspects of the anti-aging field. To verify whether NMN can treat /Prevention of neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment in elderly patients, Zoltan Ungvari and his research team conducted related experimental research, and their research results were published in the journal Redox Biology in June this year.

seven. eNAMPT enzyme, which inhibits aging and prolongs lifespan

On June 13, 2019, Professor Imai from the University of Washington and his research team confirmed that increasing the circulating level of eNAMPT, a key enzyme in NAD+ synthesis, can improve the health of mice and delay aging. The findings were published June 13 in Cell Metabolism.

The findings showed that when aged mice were given the enzyme, there were significant increases in physical activity, metabolism, brain function, and longevity. The article pointed out that the existence of eNAMPT can effectively fight aging and prolong the lifespan of mice. Systematic delivery of extracellular vesicles containing eNAMPT is expected to become an effective anti-aging method.

Eight. Increased conversion of NMN to NAD+ contributes to pregnancy!

In June 2019, a study officially published in the journal Aging Cell found that NMNAT2, an enzyme that mediates NAD+ synthesis, has a protective effect on senescent oocytes.

In the Preiss-Handler pathway, niacin synthesizes NAD+ via NMNAT;

 

In the salvage synthesis pathway, NMNAT is the rate-limiting enzyme for the direct synthesis of NAD+ by NMN.

 

According to the experimental results that niacin supplementation can increase the NAD+ content to protect aged oocytes, it is not difficult to speculate that NMN supplementation has a similar effect. Similar to niacin, the process of NMN synthesis of NAD+ is also constrained by the NMNAT2 enzyme, and compared with the higher side effects of oral niacin, NMN is a safer way of supplementation, and it is expected that there will be more perfect research results in the future.

Nine. NMN reverses vascular aging

In August 2019, scientists from the Department of Geriatrics at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center discovered that NMN could reverse the levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) in aging blood vessels in mice, resulting in epigenetic rejuvenation and resistance to atherosclerosis, The research results were published in the journal Gerontology.

NMN can reverse the expression profile of miRNAs in aging blood vessels, and the latter has a direct causal relationship with the development of cardiovascular aging phenotypes and cardiovascular pathogenesis, which can be said to add another real hammer to "NMN protects blood vessels". The fact that miRNA may cause epigenetic changes means that its anti-aging mechanism has more possibilities, let us look forward to their future research results.

10. NMN can hangover and protect the liver

On December 10, 2019, a study unlocked the new function of NMN (β-nicotinamide mononucleotide) "to hangover and protect the liver".

Scientists found that NMN was able to elevate hepatic NAD+ levels, prevent ethanol-induced elevation of ALT and AST through Atf3 and Erk1/2 signaling, and alter the expression of 25% of genes regulated by ethanol metabolism, which has potential in the treatment of alcoholic fatty liver disease. important meaning.

11. NMN improves depressive behavior

At the end of December 2019, a study published in the Journal of Affective Disease showed that NMN can improve the condition of mice with cortisol (CORT)-induced depression and enhance the activity of NAD+ synthesis rate-limiting enzyme NAMPT.

NMN improved energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in depressed mice and corrected negative behavior in mice. The study also found that NMN can increase the activity of NAMPT enzyme, and NAMPT enzyme can further increase the level of NAD+. In the June study, supplementation with the NAMPT enzyme also extended lifespan.

12. Destroying senescent cells (zombie cells) The research team has discovered the fountain of youth in humans. NAD is naturally present in every cell of our body and plays a role in countless cellular processes, most notably those that control DNA repair. NAD makes the DNA repair built into our bodies work smoothly. However, as we age, our NAD levels drop by about 50 percent, which in turn weakens the body's response to age-related diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer and Alzheimer's. defensive capability.

 

According to the latest media reports, a few days ago, a team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with Peking University and Tsinghua University, published a preclinical study in the field of new crown treatment in China's top and world-renowned academic journal "Cell Discovery". It can not only improve the NAD+ metabolism caused by infection with the new crown, but also improve the dysregulation of immune response and cell death-related gene expression, and inhibit cell death. Previously, scientists found that NAD+ precursor represented by NMN is an important and promising research direction. In April 2020, a Harvard University research team found that NMN cocktail therapy can improve the symptoms of infected patients. The Chinese Academy of Sciences team came to the same conclusion.

The damage caused by the new crown to the human body has two points: that is, the metabolism of NAD+ is abnormal, and the immune response is abnormal. NMN can play a role in increasing NAD+ at this time, allowing the immunity to be repaired and improving the symptoms caused by the new crown. Supplementing NMN can increase the content of NAD+ in the body, enhance the energy of repair, make cells re-grow, make the speed of cell repair exceed the speed of damage, and slow down or even stop the damage, thereby enhancing human immunity. Resist various viruses. In addition, the disordered metabolic gene expression and regulation caused by infection with 2019-nCoV can be rescued by supplementing NMN. With further application in more fields and more specific cases and research results as support, the audience of NMN will be broader and the market will gradually expand.

The aging of the world's population has become an irreversible trend. It is estimated that by 2030, the life expectancy of men and women will reach up to 88 years and 91 years respectively. However, the prolongation of lifespan does not mean the improvement of the quality of life. With the increase of age, various organs of the human body gradually age at different rates, and the incidence of various diseases increases, which leads to a significant increase in medical expenditures for the elderly and seriously affects the quality of life.

The kidneys of normal adults can filter the whole body blood about 60 times a day, quickly removing a large amount of metabolic waste. After age 30, the glomerular filtration rate declines at a rate of 1% per year.

Recently, by analyzing the changes of aging biomarkers in the kidneys of aged mice supplemented with NMN (β-nicotinamide mononucleotide), Tsinghua University scholar Deng Haiteng and his team found that NMN has the potential to resist kidney aging. The results were published in " The Journal of Aging [2], provides a new idea for human anti-renal aging.

 

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